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5.
This is not the first time in its history
Enclosure No. 2 that China has fallen into pieces. I attach six
Speech
mapa illustrating previous partitionings, some of which continued for very long periods and of which the most recent lasted from 907 979 A.D. and customs differ widely in different parts of China; and, although a thousand years of centralized rule under the Mongol, the Ming and the Manchu dynasties did much for the unification of the Chinese people, there is still as the attached memorandum shows bitter, often savage, animosity between the inhabitants of adjacent provinces. The most striking recent illustration was the hatred of Kuang-hsi stirred up in Kuang-tung in 1918-19 by the plan of the Canton Directorate for the aggrandizement of Kuang-hsi(大廣西主義 . At that time a sort of shibboleth was used by the Cantonese who, at the massacre of October 1920, killed everyone using the Kuang-hai phrase
of the Cantonese v té
t
"mo yau p'a" instead "m p'a", meaning "Never fear!* Even in Hong Kong, so I am told, this animosity then broke out and natives of Kuang-hsi were stoned and assaulted in the streets of this Colony. I draw attention also in this connection to the massacre in Canton of those whose speech showed that they were not Cantonese in June, 1925, when the Soviet régime was first inaugurated in that city.
6.
It seems evident that today the forces of disruption at work in China are more powerful than those of unification. It seems evident also that British interests throughout China, but particularly
in
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